Imfihlo yoBhaliso lweDomeyini neengxaki zokuHlaziya

Eyona nto ibiza kakhulu ngamagama e-domain isoloko ingeyo ukuthenga ngokwako, kodwa ke...Uhlaziyo, intlawulelo, imiqobo yokutshintsha, ubunini obungacacanga, kunye nokuphathwa okungonelanga kobumfihlo nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqookukhokelela kwilahleko yexesha elide.

Eli nqaku liza kucazulula “ityala” libe yinkqubo yamanyathelo anokuthathwa:Fumana ubunini obuzinzileyo nexesha elide beegama ze-domain ngeendleko eziphantsi.kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wokuphangwa, wokutshixelwa ngaphandle, okanye wokuhlawuliswa ngaphezulu.

1. Okokuqala, masicacise: zeziphi kanye “iingcingo zokufihla ulwazi” kunye “neengcingo zokuhlaziya” ezinxulumene namagama e-domain ezibangela abantu ingxaki?

Iingxaki eziphambili oza kudibana nazo ngamagama e-domain zingahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

A. Ingozi yexabiso: Ixabiso liphantsi kunyaka wokuqala, iifizi zokuhlaziya ziphindaphindeka kabini; iindleko zokurhoxisa zibiza kakhulu ngakumbi.

• Ixabiso lasekuqaleni lokwazisa liphantsi ngokugqithisileyo (kwanokuba lincinci njenge-$0.99), nto leyo edala umbono wokuba “amagama e-domain ashushu kakhulu”.”
• Umrhumo wokuhlaziya ngesiquphe uyabiza ngakumbi kunyaka olandelayo, okanye ezinye i-domain extensions zendalo zibiza kakhulu ukuhlaziywa.
• Ukuba ulibele ukuhlaziya, awuzukwazi ukufikelela. Ixesha Lokuhlengwa (RGP)Iifizi zokuhlawulela zihlala ziphezulu kakhulu kuneefizi eziqhelekileyo zokuhlaziya; ze-ICANNIngxelo YokuthotyelwaKugxininiswa ukuba ababoneleli beenkonzo zokubhalisa kufuneka bavumele ubhaliso kwi I-RGP yeentsuku ezingama-30 Ukubuyiselwa kwamagama e-domain phambi kokuphelelwa lixesha.

B. Ingozi yobunini: Ucinga ukuba bubakho, kodwa i-akhawunti ayikho phantsi kolawulo lwakho.

Kufunyanwa rhoqo kwi:

• Xa uthenga igama lesizinda kwinkampani yophuhliso lwewebhusayithi, umboneleli we-outsourcing, okanye i-arhente, bayalibhalisa besebenzisa i-akhawunti yabo.
• Ukhethe iphakheji “yedomain yasimahla”, uze ufumanise ukuba idomain ayinakudluliselwa ngaphandle okanye akukho khowudi yokudlulisela inikiweyo.
• Uthenge inkonzo yabucala/yeproxy, kodwa awuphumezelanga ukuhlola ngenyameko isivumelwano kunye neendlela zolawulo.

C. Iingxaki Zokukhusela Ubumfihlo Nokuthotyelwa Kwemigaqo: Ukuzama ukukhusela ubumfihlo kukhokelela ekunqunyanyisweni kwedomain nokungakwazi ukwenza isibheno.

• Ubhalisile usebenzisa iinkcukacha ezingeyonyani, okanye ulibele ukuhlaziya iinkcukacha zakho zoqhagamshelwano.
• Awuyifumananga i-imeyile yokuqinisekisa, nto leyo ekhokelele ekubeni i-domain yakho imiswe.
  I-ICANN icacisileUkuba umbhalisi unika iinkcukacha ezingachanekanga, akazihlaziyi iinkcukacha kwisithuba seentsuku ezisixhenxe emva kotshintsho, okanye akaphenduli kwizicelo zokuqinisekisa kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu, umboneleli wenkonzo yobhalisoKufuneka imiswe okanye irhoxisweIgama lesizinda.

2. Okokuqala, qonda inkqubo yegama lesizinda: Ngubani olawula igama lesizinda sakho?

Qonda ezi ndima zine, kwaye akunakwenzeka lula ukuba uqhatheke:

1. UmbhalisiLawula “igcina-lwazi eliyintloko” le-domain ethile ekumgangatho ophezulu (TLD), enjenge .com、.net、.shop Iqhutywa ziirejistri ezahlukeneyo
2. UmbhalisiIndawo apho uthenge khona igama lakho lesizinda (umregistrar ovunyiweyo yi-ICANN obonelela ngeenkonzo zangasemva, uhlaziyo, isisombululo se-DNS, njl.njl.)
3. Umsasazi/I-arhenteAbathengisi abaphantsi komregistra – usenokungayiqondi nokuba uthenga kumthengisi kwakhona.
4. Ombhalisiweyo“Umnini osemthethweni” wegama lesizinda (ubuncinci phakathi kwesakhelo sesivumelwano nomgaqo-nkqubo, kufuneka uchongwe njalo).

ICANN ibonelela “Isango Lolwazi Lwababhalisi”, kugxininiswa ukuba ababhalisi banelungelo lokufikelela kulwazi oluchaphazela ubhaliso, ulawulo, ukutshintshelwa, uhlaziyo, nokubuyiselwa kwamagama e-domain.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-ICANN ikwangamisile ngokusesikweni amalungelo noxanduva lwababhalisi.Amanqaku Isishwankathelo(Nangona umbhalo wokuqala wesivumelwano/umgaqo-nkqubo uya kuba ngowona usemthethweni ekugqibeleni).

3. Ithatha njani ngqo isigqibo “ngomba wobunini” wegama lesizinda?

3.1 Ingaba iinkcukacha zomntu obhalisileyo zezakho (okanye zezinkampani yakho)?

• Kwiiwebhusayithi zobuqu: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba unikeze iinkcukacha zakho zobuqu zokwenyani (okanye ezo zombutho wakho osemthethweni) njengomntu obhalisayo.
• Kwiiwebhusayithi zenkampani: Indawo yoMbhalisi kufuneka ibe negama elisemthethweni lenkampani (okanye isakhiwo esinokuqinisekiswa).

3.2 Ingaba i-akhawunti yokuphatha i-domain yileyo uyenzileyo ngokwakho, kwaye ungakwazi ukungena kuyo?

Ukuba inkonzo okanye i-arhente yangaphandle ithi, “Ndiza kuhlala ndikujongela izinto,” kufuneka uqaphele:

• Ukuba uthe wasilela ukuhlaziya isivumelwano, kwabakho ungquzulwano, okanye walahlekelwa luhambo nenye inkampani, ungazifumana ungakwazi ukubuyisa igama le-domain ngokupheleleyo.
• Awunalo imvume yokuguqula i-DNS, ukuhlaziya, ukukhulula okanye ukudlulisa.

Indlela echanekileyo:

Bhalisa i-akhawunti yakho, qhagamshela idilesi yakho ye-imeyile okanye inombolo yeselula, kwaye unike elinye icala “amalungelo e-sub-akhawunti” okanye ufikelelo lwexeshana.

3.3 Ingaba idilesi ye-imeyile yoqhagamshelwano yegama lesizinda yidilesi ye-imeyile esisigxina nezimele kwigama lesizinda?

ye-ICANNUmgaqo-nkqubo Wokubuyisela Ophelelwe LixeshaAbabhalisi bayakhuthazwa ukuba banikeze idilesi ye-imeyile enye, engahambelaniyo negama ledomeyini, ukuze baphephe ukuphoswa zizaziso xa idomeyini ingasebenzi.
Umzekelo: Ukuba idilesi yakho ye-imeyile yedomain ing [email protected]Nje ukuba i-domain iphelelwe lixesha, usenokungaphangeli izaziso nge-imeyile—nto leyo enobungozi obukhulu.

3.4 Ungayifumana ikhowudi yokutshintsha (i-Auth-Code / i-EPP Code)?

Oku kungundoqo malunga nokuba umntu unokutshintsha ababhalisi ngokukhululekileyo na.Iphepha lokuThobela le-ICANNIngcaciso: Ukuba ucela i-Auth-Code kwaye umbhalisi akakayenzi iintsuku ezintlanu zekhalendaNgaphakathi kwenkqubo, ungangenisa isikhalazo sokutshintsha.
Ukuba iqonga okanye i-arhente isoloko isala ukukunika ikhowudi yokutshintsha, luphawu olucacileyo lokuba bazama ukukubopha.

3.5 Ungakuqinisekisa na isimo sedomeyini, uyivule, kwaye uyitshintshele kwenye indawo?

ye-ICANN Umgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintsha Umgaqo-nkqubo uchaza inkqubo yokutshintshela phakathi kwababhalisi (kuquka imvume ye-FOA) kwaye ugxininisa ukuba ababhalisi kufuneka bakwazi ukutshintshela amagama e-domain apho kungathintelwanga yimigaqo-nkqubo.

4. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zomgibe wokuziva ungowakho

Imeko A: Inkampani yophuhliso lwewebhu ithi, “Kulula ngakumbi kuthi ukuba sibhalisele i-domain yakho.”

Iingozi: Igama lesizinda libhaliswe phantsi kwegama lomnye umntu, okanye i-akhawunti yangasemva iphethwe ngabo.
Iziphumo Xa utshintsha ababoneleli ngenkonzo, igama lakho le-domain lisenokunyuswa ixabiso okanye lide lalenwe kwaphela ukuba lihanjiswe.

Indlela efanelekileyo (kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba ifakwe kwiikhontrakthi/i-imeyile):

• Igama lesizinda kufuneka libhaliswe egameni lakho/le nkampani yakho (uMbhalisi).
• I-akhawunti yombhalisi wegama lesizinda kufuneka yenziwe kwaye ibe phantsi kolawulo lwakho.
• Iqela elinikezelweyo linikwa kuphela amalungelo olawulo (okanye amalungelo exeshana).
• Okulandelayo kufuneka kunikezelwe xa kuphunyezwa iprojekthi: iinkcukacha zeakhawunti, isiqinisekiso esinamanyathelo amabini (2FA), imiyalelo yokufumana iikhowudi zothutho, kunye noluhlu lweerekhodi ze-DNS.

Imeko B: Uthenge i-“Free Domain + Hosting Package”

Iingozi: Iindleko zeenkonzo zasimahla kukuba “azidluliseleki”, “kubiza kakhulu ukuzihlaziya”, “zibotshelelwe iminyaka”, kwaye “akukho khowudi zokudlulisela ezinikezelwayo”.
Ukuphula ukuxinga:

• Phambi kokuba wenze intlawulo, nceda uqinisekise: Ingaba igama le-domain lihlawulelwa ngokwahlukileyo? Ingaba lingadluliselwa kwenye indawo? Ingaba unokuzifumanela ngokwakho ikhowudi yokudlulisa?
• Esona sisombululo sithembekileyo:Amagama e-domain athengwe ngokwahlukileyo kubabhalisi abaqhelekileyoIiqonga zokusingatha iwebhusayithi zinokutshintshwa ngokokuthanda.

Imeko C: Amagama e-domain afakwe phantsi kwe-akhawunti yabucala yomqeshwa ngexesha lentsebenziswano yeqela

Iingozi: Ukuhamba komqeshwa, ukuvalwa kwe-akhawunti ye-imeyile, okanye ukuphulukana ne-two-factor authentication (2FA) kuthetha ukuba uphulukene neenkcukacha zakho zenkampani.
Isimo somzimba esichanekileyo:

• Ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti edibeneyo yenkampani yezibonelelo zegama lesizinda (umz. [email protected]Ubhaliso
• Uqinisekiso lwezinto ezimbini (2FA) Ukusebenzisa umphathi wephasiwedi wenkampani/isitshixo sesixhobo
• Iimvume zinikwa ngokwendima, kwaye kufuneka kubekho abalawuli ababini ubuncinane.

5. Ithuku loHlaziyo 1: Ixabiso eliphantsi lonyaka wokuqala ≠ iindleko eziphantsi zexesha elide (Kufuneka ufunde ukubala “iindleko”)

Abantu abaninzi bajolisa kuphela kwixabiso lonyaka wokuqala, elona lixhobo lixhaphakileyo.

5.1 Ufanele ube ngubani? — Iindleko Zizonke Zobunini

Ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu (iminyaka emihlanu ilulekwa ngakumbi):

• Umrhumo wokubhalisa wonyaka wokuqala
• Ixabiso lokuhlaziya lonyaka wesibini
• Ixabiso lokuhlaziya lonyaka wesithathu
• Iintlawulo zokukhusela ubumfihlo (ezinye ziyahlawulwa, ezinye zisimahla)
• DNS/I-imeyile/Izitifiketi nezinye iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo (okuzikhethelayo)

Ifomula elula:

Iindleko zeminyaka emi-3 = Umrhumo wobhaliso + Umrhumo wokuhlaziya x2 + Umrhumo wobumfihlo x3 (ukuba kuyafuneka) + Iinkonzo ezingundoqo ezongezelelweyo

5.2 I-ERRP ifuna ukuba ababhalisi bachaze iintlawulo eziphambili (nangona kusafuneka uqinisekise ngokwakho).

ye-ICANNUmgaqo-nkqubo Wokuhlaziywa Kobhaliso Oluphelelwe Lixesha (ERRP)Ababoneleli beenkonzo zokubhalisa kuya kufuneka bachaze ngokucacileyo iifizi zokuhlaziya, iifizi zokuhlaziya emva kokuphelelwa lixesha (ukuba zahlukile), kunye neentlawulo zokuhlawulela/zokubuyisela ubuncinane kwizivumelwano zabo zokubhalisa okanye kwiiwebhusayithi zabo. Bayakhuthazwa ukuba banikeze iinkcazelo ezicacileyo ngakumbi ngexesha lokubhalisa, ingakumbi xa iifizi zokuhlaziya zigqitha ixabiso lonyaka wokuqala.

Izinto ozenzayo: Phambi kokuba ufake iodolo yakho, thatha isithombe-skrini “xexabiso lokuhlaziya” kunye “nexabiso lokukhulula” uze usigcine (ukuze kusetyenziswe kwiziphikiswano zexesha elizayo).

6. Umgibe Wokuhlaziya 2: Uhlaziyo Oluxabiso Phezulu kunye Nengxaki “yeseDomain ePhambili”

Usenokuba udibene neentlobo ezimbini ze-“premium”:

1. Ubhaliso oluphezulu: Yayisele iduru ekubhaliseni.
2. Uhlaziyo lweseyiniUbhaliso alubizi, kodwa iifizi zokuhlaziya zonyaka ziyabiza (kwaye zikhohlisa ngakumbi).

Oku kuxhaphake ngakumbi phakathi kwezinye iidomain ezintsha eziphambili (gTLDs), njengoko iirejistri zinokubiza amaxabiso aphezulu ngemicu ethile.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubotshwe yimithetho; khumbula nje:

Ukuba igama lesizinda “lilungile ngokungaqhelekanga” (lifutshane kakhulu, lixhaphake kakhulu, okanye lifana negama elingundoqo lishishini), akunakwenzeka ukuba lixabise nge “xabiso eliqhelekileyo”.

Amanyathelo abalulekileyo phambi kokuba ufake iodolo:

• Chaza ngokucacileyo “ixabiso lokuhlaziya” njengokuthi “malini ngonyaka”.”
• Musa ukugxila kuphela kwixabiso lonyaka wokuqala kwingqokelela yakho yokuthenga.
• Ukuba ixabiso lokuhlaziya alichazwanga ngokucacileyo kwiphepha, cinga ngokutshintshela komnye umbhalisi (okanye uyeke nje ukuthenga).

7. Umgibe Wokuhlaziya 3: Uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo alusebenzi / Indlela yokuhlawula iphelelwe lixesha / Izaziso ze-imeyile azifunyanwanga

Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokuphulukana negama lesizinda asizizo iihackers, kodwa kukuba nje ulibele.

7.1 Ifestile yexesha yokukhunjuzwa ye-ERRP (Kufuneka wazi imithetho jikelele)

I-ERRP ikhankanyiweIsaziso ngaphambi kokuphelelwa lixesha kufuneka sinikwe ngokulandelelanayo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa lixesha. Iintsuku ezingama-26 ukuya kwezingama-35kwaye Iintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-10Uthumelo lunokujongwa njengoluhambelana neemfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo.
Oko kukuthi:Ngokwenene kufanele ukuba uyifumane le nxelo, kodwa akufanelanga uqiniseke ukuba “Ndizakuyifumana ngokuqinisekileyo”.

7.2 IiSethingi eziThandathu eziGqibeleleyo

1. Vumela ukuhlaziywa okuzenzekelayo
2. Qhagamshela indlela yokuhlawula esebenza ixesha elide (ungasebenzisi amakhadi e-virtual asondele ekuphelelweni lixesha)
3. Kwi-imeyile yoqhagamshelwano ebhalisiweyo, sebenzisa idilesi ye-imeyile esisigxina endaweni yaleyo esekelwe kwidomeyini (kuba usenokungazifumani ii-imeyile ukuba idomeyini iphelelwa lixesha).
4. Yongeza i-imeyile yesaziso somregistry kuluhlu lwakho olukhuselekileyo (ukuthintela ukuba ingayi kufakwa kwifolda ye-junk).
5. Misela izikhumbuzo zekhalenda zamagama e-domain (kwiintsuku ezingama-45/15/3 phambi kokuphelelwa lixesha)
6. Iidomains eziphambili zihlaziywa iminyaka eliqela ngaxeshanye (umz. iminyaka emi-3–5) ukunciphisa amathuba okuzilibala.

8. Ingozi yoHlaziyo 4: Iifizi ezigqithisileyo ze “Xesha loHlangulo” emva kokuphelelwa lixesha, kunye nokuba i-domain yakho ingafakwa kwifandesi

8.1 Kufuneka uqonde “umjikelo wokuphelelwa lixesha”.”

Iinkcukacha zinokwahluka kuxhomekeke kwisandisi-magama/kumbhalisi, kodwa kwi-gTLDs ezininzi inkqubo jikelele imi ngolu hlobo:

Umhla wokugqibela → Ixesha lenceba → Ukucinywa → Ixesha lokubuyiselwa (RGP, ngokwesiqhelo iintsuku ezingama-30) → Ixesha lokucima → Ukuvulwa kwakhona kobhaliso

Ingxelo Yokuthotyelwa Kwe-ICANNKumiselwe ukuba ababhalisi bafanele bakuvumele ukuba I-RGP yeentsuku ezingama-30 Ukubuyiswa/ukubuyiselwa kwegama lesizinda phambi kokuba liphelelwe lixesha.

8.2 Kutheni ukusindiswa kubiza kangaka?

Njengoko ukusindiswa kubandakanya inkqubo yokubuyisela kwizigaba zebhaliso, ababhalisi badla ngokuhlawulisa imali ephezulu kakhulu kunemali eqhelekileyo yokuhlaziya (“imali yokusindisa/imali yokubuyisela”), kwaye i-ERRP ikwafuna ukuba ababhalisi bayichaze le mali ihlawulwayo.

9. Ithumbu loHlaziyo 5: Ukutshintshela Kuvinjiwe — Ufuna ukutshintshela komnye umbhalisi, kodwa ufumanisa ukuba awukwazi ukuhamba.“

Ukutshintsha ababhalisi yinto eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo: kuyabiza kancinci, kulula ukusebenzisa, kukhuseleke ngakumbi, kwaye kulungele amaqela.

9.1 Unelungelo lokutshintsha (ngokweenkqubo ezimiselweyo)

ye-ICANNUmgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintshaUkudluliselwa phakathi kwababhalisi kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo yokugunyazisa emiselweyo, kunye neenkqubo ezicacileyo ezikhoyo. Ababhalisi ngokubanzi kufuneka bakwazi ukudlulisela amagama e-domain (ngaphandle kokuba kuthintelwe yinkqubo-sikhokelo okanye kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokutshixwa, njl.njl.).

9.2 Isitshixo sokutshintsha sisitshixo esibaluleke kakhulu“

Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana ikhowudi yokutshintsha nge-portal yokuzisebenzela, kufuneka uyicele kumregistrari wakho; ukuba umregistrari Ayifumaneki kwiintsuku ezi-5UngangenisaDlulisa isikhalazo。

9.3 Iimeko Eziqhelekileyo Nezisemthethweni Apho Unokuzifumana Uvalelwe (Asiyomgibe, Kodwa Kufuneka Uzazi Ngaphambili)

• I-lock yokutshintsha (isixhobo sokuthintela ubusela) isenokuba ikhona kwii-akhawunti ezisandul' ukubhaliswa.
• Utshintsho kulwazi lomregistry lunokubangela ukuba lutshoqelwe (ukuze kuthintelwe ukudluliselwa okungagunyaziswanga).
  Imigaqo-nkqubo yothutho kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu akayi kuhamba, nazo ziye zaphunyezwa kule minyaka yakutshanje.Ingxoxo eqhubekayo nolungiso(Kufuneka wazi ukuba “ukutshixa i-akhawunti” akusoloko kubonisa izesono, kodwa “ukutshixa okungapheliyo/ukwala ukunika ufikelelo” kuyarhanisa kakhulu).

10. Iinkxalabo zobumfihlo: Awunqweneli ukuchaza iinkcukacha esidlangalaleni, kodwa kananjalo awunakusebenzisa iinkcukacha zobuxoki.“

10.1 “Ukhuseleko lobumfihlo” ikakhulu lubandakanya ukufihla iinkcukacha ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni, hayi ukukhuthaza ukungeniswa kweenkcukacha zobuxoki.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abantu abaninzi babekwazi ukujonga iinkcukacha zomntu obhalisileyo ngokwenza uphando lwe-WHOIS olusapho; nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso kwimithetho yobumfihlo kunye nokuguquka kwemigaqo-nkqubo kukhokelele ekubeni uninzi lwezi nkcukacha zifihlakale okanye zicinywe. I-ICANN ikwayigcina i-... ekhethekileyo.“Ukhuseleko lweDatha noBumfihlo”Iphepha lichaza indlela elilungelelanisa ngayo ukufikeleleka kwedatha nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yobumfihlo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusuka Ukususela ngomhla wama-28 kuJanuwari 2025,Iprothokholi Yofikelelo Lwedatha Ebhalisiweyo (RDAP) Ukusuka ekubeni ngumthombo othembekileyo wolwazi lokubhalisa lwe-gTLD, i-WHOIS iya ishenxiswa kancinci kancinci.。
Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo “lolwazi loluntu” oza kulubona luya kuqhubeka lutshintsha.

Kodwa nantoni na eboniswa esidlangalaleni:Iinkcukacha zokubhalisa ozingenisayo kumgcini-zincwadi kufuneka zichanekile kwaye zikwazi ukungqinwa.Kungenjalo, inokunqunyanyiswa okanye irhoxiswe.

10.2 Indlela echanekileyo: Sebenzisa iinkonzo zobumfihlo/ze-proxy, hayi ukukhohlisa.

I-ICANN inayoIinkonzo Zobumfihlo NezeproxyUkuphunyezwa kweSakhelo soMgaqo-nkqubo wokuKhuselwa kweMfihlo kunye nenkqubo yesiqinisekiso, eyenzelwe ukumiselela imigangatho efanayo kwiimfuno zababhalisi kunye nee-arhente zabo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zokukhusela imfihlo/ze-proxy.

Njengomsebenzisi oqhelekileyo, khumbula nje:

• UbumfihloThatha indawo yeenkcukacha zakho zobuqu kwizicelo zolwazi zoluntu ngolwazi lomboneleli-nkonzo.
• I-arhenteAbaboneleli ngeenkonzo basebenza njengababhalisi abangamagama nje ukugcina okanye ukudlulisela egameni lakho (ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yesivumelwano).

11. Iingxaki zobumfihlo nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo: Iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ezingachanekanga zinokubangela ukunqunyanyiswa kwegama lesizinda.

I-ICANN icacisa ngokucacileyo iimfuno neziphumo ezingqalileyo malunga nokuchaneka kwedatha yobhaliso:

• Ukubonelela ngolwazi olungachanekanga ngabom
• Ukusilela ukuhlaziya iinkcukacha phakathi kweentsuku ezisixhenxe emva kokuba iinguqu zenziwe
• Ukungaphenduli kwizicelo zokuchaneka kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-15
  → Ababhalisi kufunekaUkumiswa okanye ukurhoxiswaIgama lesizinda.

Nasi isizathu:

• Akunakunika idilesi ye-imeyile engeyonyani ngenxa yezizathu zobumfihlo.
• Akufuneki uvumele idilesi ye-imeyile yobhaliso lwedomein ukuba ibe yi-akhawunti engabekwanga iliso.
• Akufuneki uvumele ababoneleli bangaphandle balawule ii-akhawunti zakho ze-imeyile (ungaphoswa zii-imeyile zokuqinisekisa).

12 Ukhuseleko nobumfihlo zidityaniswe ngokungqongqo: ukuphulwa kwe-akhawunti = ukuthathwa kwegama lesizinda

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuphangwa kwegama lesizinda asikokwaphula i-“cracking DNS”, kodwa endaweni yoko:

• Yiba i-akhawunti yakho yombhalisi
• Tshintsha i-DNS yakho ukuba ikhomba kwi-phishing site.
• Isicelo sokutshintshela komnye umbhalisi (ukuba akutshelwanga)

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintshela ngokwawo uquka amanqanaba aliqela okuqinisekisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshintshela okungagunyaziswanga.

Izinto ezisixhenxe ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzenzile:

1. Vumela ingqinisiso yezinto ezimbini (2FA) kwi-akhawunti yakho yombhalisi
2. Vumela isiqinisekiso esinamanyathelo amabini kwi-akhawunti yakho ye-imeyile (kuba idilesi ye-imeyile ngokwenene isebenza njengengcambu yepropathi yedomain yakho).
3. Vula isitshixo somregistrari
4. Kwiibrendi ezaziwayo kakhulu okanye kumagama edomeyini axabiseke kakhulu, ungafuna ukuqwalasela iRegistry Lock ekumgangatho ophezulu (exhaswa ngabanye ababhalisi kunye neerejistri).
5. DNS: Utshintsho lokwenza kusebenze “isiqinisekiso sesibini”
6. Jonga rhoqo ukuba iirekhodi ze-DNS azichukunyiswanga.
7. Imeko yeQela kunye noLawulo lweMvume noPhicotho

13. Inkqubo Eseqhelekileyo Yokuphepha Iingxaki Zokuhlaziya Nobunini

Oku kulandelayo kumele owona mgangatho uphantsi okwazi ukusebenza kuyo yonke inkqubo, ukusukela ekuthengeni ukuya kulawulo lwexesha elide.

Iqonga A: Phambi kokuthenga (imizuzu eli-10)

• Cacisa: Umrhumo wobhaliso, umrhumo wovuselelo, umrhumo wobumfihlo, umrhumo wokuhlawulela (isithombe-skrini esigciniweyo)
• Ingqinisekiso: Ingaba ikhowudi yokutshintshela ingafunyanwa ngokuzimeleyo? Ukuba akunjalo, musa ukuqhubeka nokuthenga (amalungelo okutshintshela abaluleke kakhulu).
• Qhelana: Ukubophelela kwiphakheji ye-“domain yasimahla” kunokubangela ukuba ingakwazi ukudluliselwa.
• Ukuba iqela lisebenzisa: Bhalisa ii-akhawunti usebenzisa iidilesi ze-imeyile zenkampani (musani ukusebenzisa iidilesi ze-imeyile zobuqu).

Isigaba B: Usuku lokuthenga (imizuzu engama-20)

• Vumela: Ukuhlaziywa okuzenzekelayo
• Vumela: Uqinisekiso lwezinto ezimbini (2FA)
• Iisetingi: Idilesi ye-imeyile/inombolo yomnxeba enye (engaxhomekekanga kwigama ledomeyini)
• Vumela: Ukulotywa kweDomain
• Gcina: Ii-invoyisi, ii-odolo, kunye neeskrinishoti zolwazi lwegama ledomeyini (kwiingxabano/imbuyekezo/ubungqina bezinto ezixabisekileyo ezizayo)

Isigaba C: Ukudluliselwa kwiQela/Amaqela angaphandle (imizuzu engama-30)

• Nika kuphela iimvume ze-DNS okanye iimvume zexeshana.
• Ungayixeleli mntu iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti yakho ephambili.
• Yenza “uluhlu lokujonga lokunikezela”: DNS, indlela yokufumana iikhowudi zotshintshelo, umhla wokuphelelwa lixesha, indlela yokuhlawula, uluhlu lwabalawuli

Isigaba D: Uhlolo lonyaka (imizuzu eli-15)

• Jonga: Iirekhodi zokuhlaziya eziphumeleleyo nokuba iindlela zokuhlawula zisebenza na
• Qinisekisa: Ukuba iinkcukacha zomntu obhalisileyo/i-imeyile yoqhagamshelwano zisasebenza (ukuphepha ukunqunyanyiswa)
• Jonga ukuba i-DNS ayichukunyisiwe na
• Jonga: Ukuba iinkonzo zobumfihlo ziphelelwe lixesha na (ezithile iinkonzo zobumfihlo ziphelelwa lixesha ngokwahlukeneyo)

14. Imigaqo yesivumelwano esisiseko sobunini nokutshintshelwa kwegama lesizinda

Ungathumela la mazwi alandelayo kwinkampani yophuhliso lwewebhusayithi/kumnikezeli-nkonzo ongaphandle/kwi-arhente (okanye uwafake kwisivumelwano/kwi-imeyile):

1. Umntu obhalisa igama lesizinda kufuneka abhaliswe njengequmrhu elisemthethweni/umntu oyimiselweyo weQela A (umxhasi).。
2. I-akhawunti yangasemva yombhalisi wegama lesizinda mayidale kwaye igcinwe nguMntu A.; Iqela B liza kunikwa kuphela amalungelo afanelekileyo okufikelela ngobuchwepheshe (anjengolawulo lwe-DNS) kwaye aliyi kuvunyelwa ukuba libambe iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti engumphathi.
3. Icandelo B liza kubonelela ngexesha lokuhanjiswa:
   • Uluhlu lwamagama e-domain, imihla yokuphelelwa lixesha, kunye neenkcukacha zamaxabiso okuhlaziya (iscreenshot)
   • Uluhlu lweeRekhodi ze-DNS
   • Indlela neNkqubo yokuFumana iKhowudi yokuQinisekisa (iKhowudi yokuTshintsha) (okanye ukuQinisekiswa ukuba uMntu A angayifumana ngokwakhe)
4. Icandelo B akayi kuthintela ngandlela ithile ilungelo leCandelo A lokudlulisa igama lesizinda okanye ukutshintsha umbhalisi (ngaphandle kwesithuba sokutshixwa esivaliweyo ngokucacileyo yimigaqo-nkqubo ye-ICANN/yombhalisi).
5. Ukuba uMxhasi B unikezela ngeenkonzo zobumfihlo/ze-proxy, kufuneka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba ezo nkonzo aziyi kutshintsha amalungelo oMxhasi A okulawula okanye okuthatha amanyathelo egama lesizinda, kwaye xa inkonzo iphelisiwe, igama lesizinda liya kuhlala libhaliswe phantsi kwegama loMxhasi A.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Q1: Ndinqwenela ukukhusela ubumfihlo bam. Ndingabhalisa ndisebenzisa iinkcukacha zobuxoki?

Akukhuthazwa, kwaye zikho iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo.I-ICANN ichaza ngokucacileyoIinkcukacha zokubhalisa ezingachanekanga, ukusilela ukuhlaziya iinkcukacha ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukungaphenduli kwizicelo zokuqinisekisa kunokukhokelela ekunqunyanyisweni okanye ekurhoxisweni kwegama ledomeyini.
Indlela echanekileyo kukusebenzisa inkonzo yabucala/yeproxy, hayi ukwenza izinto ezingeyonyani.

Q2: Ndingalifumana kwakhona igama lam le-domain emva kokuba liphelelwe lixesha?

Kwiimeko ezininzi kuyenzeka, kodwa okukhona kulibaziseka, kokukhona kuba nexabiso eliphezulu.Uthobelo lwe-ICANNLe ngxelo igxininisa ukuba ababhalisi kufuneka bavumele ubhaliso kwi I-RGP yeentsuku ezingama-30 Ukubuyiselwa/ukufunyanwa phambi kokupheliswa (kuyakwazi ukufakwa izikhalazo ukuba oku kuyasilela).
Nangona kunjalo, iintlawulo neenkqubo ezibandakanyekileyo zinzima kakhulu kunezokuhlaziya eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuphetshwe ukungena kwixesha lokuhlengahlengisa ngokukhetha uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo.

Q3: Ndingenza ntoni ukuba umregistra akanginiki ikhowudi yokutshintsha?

Iphepha lokuThobela le-ICANNIngcaciso: Ukuba umbhalisi akaphenduli isicelo sakho ngexesha elingu- iintsuku ezintlanu zekhalendaLe nkqubo ikunika i-Auth-Code, onokuyisebenzisa ukufaka isikhalazo sokutshintsha.

Q4: Kutheni ndingayifumani inkcazelo ye-WHOIS? Ingaba ikhona ingxaki negama ledomeyini?

Akunjalo ngokuqinisekileyo.Isaziso se-ICANNKuyaphawulwa ukuba: ukusuka 2025-01-28 Ukusukela ngoku, i-RDAP iza kuba ngumthombo othembekileyo wemibuzo yolwazi lobhaliso lwe-gTLD, i-WHOIS isiya kuphelelwa kancinci kancinci; ngaxeshanye, imigaqo-nkqubo yobumfihlo iza kuchaphazela iinkcukacha zoluntu.

Q5: Ingaba ukusebenzisa ukhuselo lobumfihlo kuya kuchaphazela i-SEO yam?

Ngokubanzi akunjalo. Ukhuseleko lobumfihlo ikakhulu luchaphazela ukuboniswa kolwazi lobhaliso esidlangalaleni kwaye alufani nokufihla umxholo wewebhusayithi. Eyona nto ichaphazela i-SEO ngokwenene isihlala ikumgangatho womxholo, isakhiwo sesayithi, kunye namava omsebenzisi.